Tricholoma acerbum
Tricholoma acerbum (Bull. : Fr.) Quél.
Tricholomataceae
Conservation status. Endangered [EN B1ab(ii,iv)+2ab(ii,iv)].
Morphology and biology. Cap at first conical then umbonate to almost flat, 6–12(15) cm in diameter, creamy yellow, ochre brown, ochre reddish, dry; margin at first enfolded, irregularly wavy, ribbed. Gills notched, narrow, at first creamy then with reddish spots. Stipe cylindrical, thickened at base to conversely clavate, 5–7(10) × 1.5–3 cm, thick, hard, scaly, whitish then yellowish, brown red at base. Flesh white with a bitter taste. Spores broadly ellipsoid to semi-globose, 4.5–5.5(6) × 3.5–4.5(5) mm, colourless, smooth. Fruit-bodies in groups and circles. VIII–X.
Habitats and populations. On sandy and limy soils in deciduous forests (oaks – Quercus, beeches – Fagus, hornbeams – Carpinus).
Distribution in Bulgaria. Northeast Bulgaria (Ludogorie), Balkan Range (Western), Znepole Region (Konyavska Mt, Rudini Mts), Sredna Gora Mts (Western – Lozenska Mt), Rhodopi Mts (Eastern).
General distribution. Europe, Asia, North America, N Africa.
Threats. Habitat loss/degradation caused by wood plantations, logging, infrastructure development (tourism/recreation, transport), fires.
Conservation measures taken. Included in the Red List of Fungi in Bulgaria. Some localities are in sites of the European ecological network Natura 2000 in Bulgaria. One locality is situated on the territory of Yankyovets Nature Monument, Mt Konyavska.
Conservation measures needed. Study of the population numbers and range; better understanding of the species biology and ecology; conservation of the habitats; regular monitoring.
References. Hinkova 1962, 1965; Hinkova & Fakirova 1970; Hinkova et al. 1979; Gyosheva 1997a; Gyosheva & Gussev 1998; Gyosheva et al. 2000, 2006.
Author: Melania Gyosheva
