Tremiscus helvelloides
Tremiscus helvelloides (DC. : Fr.) Donk
Guepinia helvelloides (DC. : Fr.) Fr.
Exidiaceae
Conservation status. Endangered [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv)].
Morphology and biology. Fruit-body tongue-shaped often funnel-like with obscure stipe, 3–10(15) cm tall, 2–7 cm wide, orange red, pink red, red brown, whitish at base; upper surface with white, fine coating. Flesh gelatinous, light pink red. Hymenium on the upper surface of the fruit-body. Spores subcylindrical to ellipsoid, 9–12(16) × 5–6 mm, colourless, smooth. Fruit-bodies single and in groups, on moist soil and decaying wood. VII–X.
Habitats and populations. On limy or sandy soils in coniferous (mainly spruce and pine) and mixed (with beech) forests.
Distribution in Bulgaria. Pirin Mts (Northern – Bansko), Rila Mts (Parangalitsa Strict Nature Reserve), Rhodopi Mts (Western – Beglika Strict Nature Reserve; Central – Soskovcheto and Momchilovski Dol Nature Reserves).
General distribution. Europe, E Asia, North America.
Threats. Habitat loss/degradation caused by logging, infrastructure development (tourism/recreation), fires.
Conservation measures taken. Included in the Red List of Fungi in Bulgaria. The known localities are within the borders of protected areas, i.e. Beglika, Parangalitsa, and Soskovcheto Strict Nature Reserves, Momchilovski Dol Managed Nature Reserve, Pirin National Park. Some localities are in sites of the European ecological network Natura 2000 in Bulgaria.
Conservation measures needed. Study of the population numbers and range; better understanding of the species biology and ecology; conservation of the habitats; regular monitoring.
References. Hinkova 1961; Rosnev & Stoichev 1985; Gyosheva 1998; Gyosheva & Andreeva 2000; Gyosheva et al. 2000, 2006; Assyov et al. 2010.
Author: Melania Gyosheva
